Rheological Behavior of Fugitive Organic Inks for Direct-Write Assembly
نویسندگان
چکیده
The rheological behavior of a fugitive organic ink tailored for direct-write assembly of 3D microfluidic devices is investigated. Rheological experiments are carried out to probe the shear storage and loss moduli as well as the complex viscosity as a function of varying temperature, frequency and stress amplitude. Master curves of these functions are assembled using time-temperature superposition. The fugitive ink, comprised of two organic phases, possesses an equilibrium shear elastic modulus nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of a commercial reference ink at room temperature and a peak in the relaxation spectrum nearly six orders of magnitude longer in time scale. The self-supporting nature of extruded ink filaments is characterized by direct video imaging. Comparison of the experimentally observed behavior to numerical predictions based on Euler-Bernoulli viscoelastic beam analysis yield excellent agreement for slender filaments. Zusammenfassung: Das rheologische Verhalten einer flüchtigen organischen Tinte für die Herstellung dreidimensionaler mikro-strömungstechnischer Apparate mittels Direkt-Schreibens wurde untersucht. Über rheologische Messungen wurden Speicherund Verlustmodul sowie die komplexe Viskosität als Funktion verschiedener Temperaturen, Frequenzen und Schubspannungsamplituden bestimmt. Die Masterkurven für diese Funktionen wurden mit Hilfe der Zeit-Temperatur-Superposition zusammengestellt. Die flüchtige Tinte, die ein Gemisch zweier organischer Komponenten ist, weist bei Raumtemperatur ein um ungefähr zwei Dekaden größeres Gleichgewichtsspeichermodul als das einer kommerziell erworbenen Referenztinte auf und das Maximum des Relaxationsspektrums ist um sechs Dekaden länger in der Zeit. Die selbsttragende Natur extrudierter Tintenfäden wurde mittels digitaler Bildanalyse charakterisiert. Die experimentellen Beobachtungen stimmen mit numerischen Berechnungen nach dem viskoelastischen Balkenmodell von Euler-Bernoulli für dünne Stränge sehr gut überein. Résumé: Le comportement rhéologique d’une encre fugitive organique utilisée pour l’écriture directe d’appareils microfluidiques tridimensionnels est étudié. Des expériences rhéologiques ont été réalisées pour quantifier les modules élastique et de perte en cisaillement ainsi que la viscosité complexe de l’encre en fonction de différentes températures, fréquences et amplitudes de contrainte. Les courbes maîtresses de ces fonctions ont été assemblées à l’aide de la superposition temps-température. L’encre fugitive, mélange de deux composants organiques, possède à température ambiante un module élastique de cisaillement à l’équilibre environ deux décades supérieur de celui d’une encre commerciale utilisée comme référence et le sommet de son spectre de relaxation est six décades plus long dans le temps. Le comportement auto-supporteur de filaments d’encres extrudés a été caractérisé par l’analyse d’images numérisées. La comparaison entre les résultats expérimentaux observés et les prédictions numériques obtenues à l’aide d’un modèle de poutre viscoélastique Euler-Bernoulli donne un excellent accord pour un filament élancé.
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